What is cognitive ageing?

As people age, it is common to experience changes in cognition that typically affect memory, attention, and other cognitive abilities. Without the right support, this can negatively impact their quality of life.

Below is an explanation of what happens as cognition changes in older individuals and what to do if you notice a change in cognition in yourself or someone you care for.

Impact of changing cognition in elderly individuals

The normal aging process brings subtle changes in the cognitive abilities of older adults, some of these changes may include:

• Slower processing speed: As we age, our brains may take longer to process information, which can lead to slower response times.
• Decreased working memory: Working memory, which is the ability to hold and manipulate information in our minds, may decline with age.
• Reduced attention: Elderly individuals may have difficulty focusing their attention and may be more easily distracted.
• Decreased spatial awareness: Spatial awareness, which is the ability to perceive and understand spatial relationships, may decline with age.
• Memory problems: Memory problems are a common complaint among elderly individuals, particularly with regard to episodic memory, which is the ability to recall specific events or experiences.
• Language difficulties: Elderly individuals may have difficulty with word retrieval, processing and expressing language, and understanding complex sentences.

By understanding the natural process and signs of cognitive decline in old age, individuals can take steps to support any developing cognitive limitations and maintain their independence and quality of life as they age.

Examples of cognitive decline in old age

Everyone who experiences cognitive decline will have individual symptoms, however some day-to-day examples may be:

• Forgetting to eat or take prescribed medication correctly
• Forgetting to shower or change clothes regularly
• Lacking awareness of potential hazards, such as leaving stoves and heaters on
• Showing poor judgement about who they let into the house and who they trust
• Forgetting to feed or care for pets
• Forgetting recent conversations and events
• Becoming more impulsive and losing the ability to organise tasks
• Difficulty performing familiar tasks – such as meal preparation
• Finding their way to a familiar place or feeling confused about where they are
• Missing scheduled appointments
• Forgetting the names of family and friends

How to manage cognitive declines in older people

While some cognitive changes are a natural part of ageing, significant declines in cognitive function can indicate underlying health conditions. Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing these changes effectively. If you notice significant changes in memory, thinking, or problem-solving abilities in yourself or a loved one, it’s essential to talk to your GP or primary healthcare provider for an evaluation.

• Healthcare professionals can provide valuable support, guidance, and referrals to specialised services if needed. Ask your doctor about potential causes for the changes, available diagnostic tests, and treatment options.
• Initiating a conversation about cognitive changes can be challenging, but it’s important to be open and honest with your healthcare provider for them to identify the right support for your challenges.
• Clearly describe the specific changes you’ve observed, including when they started and how they’ve progressed. Be prepared to share information about the individual’s medical history, lifestyle factors, and any medications they are taking.
• A proactive approach is key to managing cognitive changes in old age. Early intervention can help manage symptoms, slow progression, and improve quality of life. By seeking timely evaluation and care, you can empower yourself or your loved one to navigate the challenges of cognitive changes with confidence and resilience.

Speak with your GP if you’re concerned about changes in behaviour or comprehension. 

Getting support for changing cognitive needs

It is normal for the care needs of ageing adults to change. If you or someone you care for has noticed a change in their cognition or received a diagnosis, it’s important for your aged care support provider, such as HomeMade, to be made aware so that care needs and support can be adjusted accordingly.

By closely observing and documenting these changes, caregivers can effectively communicate their concerns to healthcare professionals. This information is essential for reassessing aged care plans and ensuring that they align with the individual’s evolving needs. Open and honest communication between caregivers and healthcare providers is key to optimising care and quality of life for older individuals experiencing cognitive decline.

In some instances, it may be that self-management may no longer be appropriate depending on the circumstances. We can help you identify new areas of support, explore potential services, and modify your package accordingly. If transitioning to a higher level of care is necessary, we can provide information and support to help you understand your options and make informed decisions.

More resources on ageing & cognitive changes

Dementia Australia and My Aged Care offer invaluable resources for individuals and families navigating the challenges of cognitive change in older adults. Exploring these resources can offer guidance, support, and practical strategies to manage the complexities of ageing and cognitive declines.

• Dementia Australia provides comprehensive information, support groups, and counselling services for people living with dementia and their carers. Their website offers practical advice, educational materials, and access to local support networks.
• My Aged Care is a government-funded service that can help you access a range of care options, including in-home support, respite care, and residential aged care. They can also provide information about government funding and support programs available to carers.

While challenges may arise, remember that you’re not alone in this journey. HomeMade understands that navigating these changes can be challenging and is committed to providing the support and flexibility to ensure your package meets your evolving needs. Our support partners can guide you through the process of adjusting your support plan. By proactively addressing cognitive changes and accessing available resources, you can enhance the quality of life for yourself or your loved one.